What is the structure of a sonnet?

A sonnet is defined by its specific structure, which consists of 14 lines written in iambic pentameter. This means that each line typically contains ten syllables, alternating between unstressed and stressed syllables, creating a particular rhythmic pattern. The traditional forms of sonnets, such as the Shakespearean (or English) and Petrarchan (or Italian), both adhere to this 14-line structure, though they may vary in rhyme schemes and thematic organization.

In contrast to the other answer choices, a structure of 16 lines, as stated in the first option, does not conform to the standard length of a sonnet. Similarly, a 12-line format does not align with the traditional definition, nor does a 10-line structure, which falls short of the requisite number of lines for a sonnet. Thus, the defining characteristics of a sonnet—its specific length and meter—correctly point to the option that identifies it as 14 lines of iambic pentameter.